Role of Green Human Resource Management Strategies in Enhancing Green Supply Chain Performance: Moderating Role of Internal Integration

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the role of different green human resource strategies (GSCM) like green training (GT), green reward and incentive (GRI), and managerial support (MS); in enhancing green supply chain performance (GSCP), while examining the moderating role of internal integration (II) within textile sector of Karachi, Pakistan. A quantitative research approach was employed using partial least structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), Smart PLS 4 software was used for analysis. Data gathered from 310 respondents who are working at managerial positions in HRM or SCM domains. Top performing companies in Karachi listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) were selected. A structured questionnaire adapted; 5-point Likert scale used to range from strongly disagree to strongly agree (1-5). The results indicate that GT and MS have a positive direct impact on GSCP, while surprisingly GRI and GSCP have a negative direct impact. II shows positive moderation between GT and GSCP. In contrast, insignificant moderation is found in between II with GRI and MS. These findings highlight that some GHRM practices contribute positively to GSCP and ultimately to sustainable outcomes. In contrast, other practices may require better alignment with organizational culture and environmental needs. This study is limited to the textile sector in Karachi and may not be generalized to any other industry and region. GHRM dealt with only three perspectives i.e. GT, GRI and MS. Also, this study is limited to internal integration. Companies should prioritize GT and MS to enhance GSCP. GRI needs reevaluation and restructured to better align with culture and environmental goals. II implementation further enhances GT. Future studies can explore other moderation variables e.g. integration with supplier and integration with customer.

Keywords: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), Green Supply Chain (GSC) Performance, Internal Integration (II), Managerial Support (MS), Green Training (GT), Green Reward and incentives (GRI), Social Exchange Theory (SET).