The Role Of Us And European Sanctions On Russia: Economic Impacts And Global Trade Realignments

Abstract

This study investigates the economic and geopolitical repercussions of US and European sanctions on Russia, particularly those targeting its energy sector following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the escalation of the Ukraine conflict in 2022. Through a qualitative comparative case study approach, the research explores how these sanctions have disrupted Russia’s traditional energy trade routes, prompted a strategic pivot toward Asian markets, and catalyzed shifts in global energy dynamics. Drawing on primary interviews and secondary data sources, the study analyzes changes in export volumes, revenue trends, infrastructure developments, and geopolitical alliances. Key findings reveal a significant decline in Russia’s energy revenues and a marked shift in trade flows from Europe to Asia, particularly China and India. The sanctions also accelerated Europe’s transition to renewable energy and diversification of energy sources under initiatives such as Repower EU. Despite economic setbacks, Russia demonstrated resilience through infrastructure investments and alternative logistics networks. The study contributes to the broader discourse on energy security, the efficacy of sanctions, and the emergence of a multipolar global energy order. It highlights the complex interplay between economic interventions and geopolitical realignments in an increasingly interconnected world.

Keywords: Sanctions; Russia, USA, Europe, Economic, Global Trade