A Facilitation Approach to Technology-Based Learning and Healthcare Management Post COVID-19 in Educational and Healthcare Institutions of the Erstwhile FATA Region

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic compelled unprecedented transformations in education and healthcare globally, with particularly severe effects in underdeveloped regions. This study investigates a facilitation approach to implementing technology-based learning and post-pandemic healthcare management strategies within educational and healthcare institutions in Pakistan’s former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Utilizing mixed-methods primary data—comprising surveys of educators, students, and healthcare professionals, along with in-depth interviews with institutional leaders—we evaluate the extent of technological adoption and health interventions following COVID-19, as well as the challenges encountered and the strategies that may facilitate these changes. The findings indicate significant gaps in infrastructure and capacity; for example, the abrupt transition to online education was impeded by inadequate internet connectivity—many students in tribal districts even traveled considerable distances to access internet signals for their classes. Similarly, healthcare facilities, constrained by limited resources, experienced an increase in telemedicine adoption out of necessity. Key facilitating factors—such as community engagement, training, and government support—are identified as enhancing outcomes when present. The study employs relevant theoretical frameworks, including the Technology Acceptance Model and Diffusion of Innovations, to interpret the results. It proposes a facilitation framework aimed at strengthening e-learning and healthcare delivery in marginalized regions. In conclusion, bridging the digital divide and investing in capacity building are essential for fostering resilience in the aftermath of COVID-19. The paper concludes with policy recommendations, including infrastructure development, training initiatives, and incentive schemes, to ensure sustainable improvements in education and health services within the former FATA region.

Keywords: Technology Based Learning, Healthcare Management, COVID-19, FATA Regions